FAT EMBOLISM

FAT EMBOLISM

• microscopic fat globules found in circulation
• # of long bones – fat released from bone marrow or adipose tissue near injury – enter circulation by rupture of marrow vascular sinusoids and venules
• symptoms begin 1-3 days after injury – sudden onset

• causes biochemical injury and mechanical obstruction
  • microemboli of neutral fat cause occlusion of microvasculature
  • aggravated by local platelet and erythrocyte aggregation
  • exacerbated by release of free fatty acids from fat globules – cause local toxic injury to endothelium
  • vascular assault completed by platelet activation and granulocyte recruitment
• Ziehl Neelsen staining
  • Step I – flame slides to heat fix
  • Step II – flood the slide full with Carbol Fuchsin – heat the slide until they are steaming
  • Step III – low or intermittent heat – steaming for 5 minutes
  • Step IV – rinse the slide with water
  • Step V – flood slide with 3% acid-alcohol – allow to decolorize for 5 minutes – continuously flood the slide for 5 minutes
  • Step VI – rinse the slide with water – drain of excess stain from slide
  • Step VII – flood the slide with counter stain (methylene blue) – keep counter stain for 1 minute
  • Step VIII – rinse thoroughly with water

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